Cytogenetic investigation was carried out in two breed groups of cattle, viz. Malnad Gidda (B.indicus) and Jersey (B.taurus), in an effort to compare the karyomorphological pattern between Malnad Gidda cattle and Jersey. Blood samples were collected from Malnad Gidda cattle maintained by farmers of Malnad region of Chikmagalur District of Karnataka and from Jersey cattle maintained at Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Dharwad, Dept. of A.H & V.S, Govt. of Karnataka.
Metaphase spreads were obtained by short term whole blood lymphocyte culture using standard techniques. A normal chromosomal complement of 2n=60 (58 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes) was observed in all Malnad Gidda and Jersey cattle. X chromosome was submetacentric in both breeds and Y chromosome was acrocentric in Malnad Gidda and metacentric in Jersey cattle. X chromosome was the longest chromosome, while first autosome was second longest and Y chromosome was shortest chromosome in both Malnad Gidda and Jersey cattle. The relative length (RL) of autosomes progressively decreased from 4.85 ± 0.05 to 1.85 ± 0.03 per cent and from 4.95 ± 0.05 to 1.58 ± 0.03 per cent in male and female Malnad Gidda cattle, respectively; and from 5.00 ± 0.07 to1.80 ± 0.04 per cent and from 4.76 ± 0.08 to1.83 ± 0.05per cent in male and female Jersey cattle, respectively. The X chromosome contributed 5.09 ± 0.05 and 5.15 ± 0.05 per cent in male and female Malnad Gidda, respectively; and 5.12 ± 0.05 per cent and 4.86 ± 0.09 per cent in male and female Jersey cattle, respectively, where as the Y chromosome contributed 1.70 ± 0.03 and 1.69 ± 0.05 per cent towards total genome in male Malnad Gidda and male Jersey cattle, respectively. The mean centromeric index (CI) of X chromosome was 0.32 ± 0.01 and 0.33 ± 0.01 in Malnad Gidda and Jersey cattle, respectively. The G-banding pattern of Malnad Gidda cattle was almost similar with minor differences to that of Amrithmahal, Hallikar and Deoni cattle, reported earlier.
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