Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic wasting disease and is a cause of morbidity and mortality in livestock, wildlife and humans all over the world including Bangladesh. Red Chittagong (RC) cattle are an economically important indigenous breed of Bangladesh. This study estimated the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bTB and its effect on milk production in RC cattle. A total of 123 RC cattle from two selected Upazilla of Chittagong district were screened using ELISA and epidemiological and milk production data were collected using a pre-set questionnaire. The results of the study revealed an overall 11.38% seroprevalence of bTB in RC cattle. Seropositivity of bTB was found to be significantly associated with coughing, BCS and parity as revealed by the multivariate analysis of risk factors. There was also 17.83% reduction in milk production in bTB positive lactating cows compared to negative animals. To our knowledge, it is the first comprehensive study on bTB in RC cattle in Chittagong district and the results indicate that effective measures should be undertaken to control bTB in RC cattle. 1447151103.php